Myocarditis, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle.Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat. The duration of problems can vary from hours to months.Complications may include heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest.

Myocarditis is most often due to a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders.A diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram (ECG), increased troponin, heart MRI, and occasionally a heart biopsy. An ultrasound of the heart is important to rule out other potential causes such as heart valve problems.

Treatment depends on both the severity and the cause.Medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics are often used.A period of no exercise is typically recommended during recovery.Corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be useful in certain cases.In severe cases an implantable cardiac defibrillator or heart transplant may be recommended.